Ingo Valgma: Maa-aluse maailma saladused
Maa-aluse maailma saladused
GIS päev
Ingo Valgma Mis toimub meie jalge all?
• Tunnetatav
• Mittetunnetatav
• Müstiline
13.11.2007 GIS päev 2
Tunnetatav
• Salvkaev aias
• Kanalisatsioonikaev linnas
• Tunnel kaljus
• Koobas Toril
13.11.2007 GIS päev 3
Tunnel
13.11.2007 GIS päev 4
Müstiline
• Põrgu
• Plutoonia (meie maakera sees on
veel teine maakera)
• Käik mis ühendab Kukruse mõisa
Jõhvi kirikuga
• Käik mis viib Pirita kloostrist
Toompea alla
13.11.2007 GIS päev 5
Mittetunnetatav
• Kanalisatsioonitorustik
• Metroo
• Kaevandus
• Koobastik
• Vulkaanilõõr
• Lõhe maa sees või mere all
13.11.2007 GIS päev 6
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Maaalune, allmaa, maasisene
• Kanalisatsioonikaev, luuk peal,
bussijaam kaubanduskeskuse all
• Kaevandus
• Tori põrgu (koobas liivakivis)
13.11.2007 GIS päev 7
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Kaevandus ja karjäär
• Koobastik – looduslik, st. üldjuhul
mitte inimese poolt rajatud
tühimikud maa all
• Kaevandus = allmaakaevandus
• Karjäär = pealmaakaevandus
13.11.2007 GIS päev 8
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Kaeveõõned karjääris
• Kraav, kaevik, tranšee
• Kaevetranšee
• Veotranšee
• Auk
13.11.2007 GIS päev 9
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Kaevetranšee vaalkarjääris
Narva karjäär
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Suur auk-karjäär
13.11.2007 GIS päev 12
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Väike auk-karjäär
13.11.2007 GIS päev 13
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Kaevandus
• Maavara
• Kaeveõõned
– Šaht ≠ kaevandus
– Kamber
– Stoll
– Šurf
– Strekk
• Tervik
13.11.2007 GIS päev 14
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Strekk
13.11.2007 GIS päev 15
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Estonia kaevanduse kambrid ja
tervikud
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Pargipink kambris
13.11.2007 GIS päev 17
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Kombainkaevandamine Eestis
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Saladus
• Mittenähtav
• Mittetunnetatav
• Mittetajutav
• Tundmatu
• Kardina tagune
13.11.2007 GIS päev 19
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Mis auk see on?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 20
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Mis urgas see on?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 21
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Mis kraav see on?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 22
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Kuhu see kraav välja viib?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 23
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Mis käik see on?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 24
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Miks raudtee kõver on?
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Mis juhtus?
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Kas Piusa koobas on ohtlik?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 27
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Miks see auk keset metsa on?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 28
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Kuidas on GIS seotud maaaluse
maailmaga?
• GIS e. ruumiline
modelleerimine on ainus
võimalus arusaadavalt
kirjeldada maa-alust
maailma
13.11.2007 GIS päev 29
mi.ttu.ee 13.11.2007 30
Oil plant
Closed plant
Power plant
Closed power plant
Narva
Narva-
Jõesuu
Eesti
Power Plant
Slantsõ
Lake Peipsi
Gulf of Narva
Jõhvi
Sillamäe
Ahtme
Power Plant
Kohtla-
Kiviõli Järve
Kohtla-
Nõmme
Püssi
Surface mined area
Underground mine
Permissions are
not resoluted
New mine
© Enno Reinsalu, 2007
Flooded mine
Reservation
Rakvere
Kunda
Mezhduretshije
Põhja-Kiviõli
Kirovskoje
Ubja
Haljala
Kirovi
Leningradskaja
nr 4
Vanamõisa
Kiviõli
Estonia
Ahtme
nr 2
Käva
Sompa
Kukruse
Viru
Puhatu
Permisküla
Oandu
Uus Kiviõli
Ojamaa
Kabala
Tudu
Kohala Uljaste
Rakvere
Sonda
Peipsi
Seli
Pada
1
Narva
Aidu
Usnova
Nr 3
Kohtla
Tammiku
Sirgala-Viivikonna
6
Põlevkivimaardla
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RUSSIA
ESTONIA
OIL SHALE BEDDING DEPTH, meters
UNDERGROUND OIL SHALE MINING FIELDS
CALORIFIC YIELD, SHOWS ACTIVE DEPOSIT
OIL SHALE RESEARCH FIELDS
MINED OUT AREAS
OIL SHALE OPEN CAST FIELDS
35 GJ/m2
25
Kirov skaja
IDA VIRU COUNTY
Sirgala
open cast
Narv a
open cast
Permisküla
GULF O F FINLAND
Ahtme
Peipsi
Puhatu
35 GJ/m2
25 GJ/m2
Seli
Viru
Estonia
Kohtla
Ojamaa
Underground oil shale
mining area,
abandoned mines Aidu
open cast
Uus Kiv iõli
Oandu
Kiv iõli
Puhatu
30
80
70
55
60
45
65
50
40
40
35
15
20
25
30
80
35
20
15
25
10
10
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Läbilõige
13.11.2007 GIS päev 33
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Lõiked, kivimi omadused
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Kas Jõhvi vangla upub?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 35
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Mis on Jõhvi kõrgendiku sees?
mi.ttu.ee 13.11.2007 37
Kuidas kaevandada 1 km sügavusel
lasuvat rauamaaki?
mi.ttu.ee 13.11.2007 38
Kuidas tasanda
karjääripuistanguid?
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Kuidas vasemaak (või graniit
Maardust) maa seest kätte saada?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 39
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Kas vedada maa all kopplaaduri
või konveieriga?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 40
mi.ttu.ee 13.11.2007 41
Kuidas allmaakaevandamine
mõjutab elu rabas?
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Kas Kohtla kaevandusest saab
põlevkivi Aidu karjääri viia?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 42
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Kuhu rajatakse uued
kaevandused?
13.11.2007 GIS päev 43
Kiviõli
Estonia
Ahtme
Kaevandus 2
Käva 2
Kaevandus 4
Kohtla
Sompa
Viru
Tammiku
Küttejõu
Puhatu
Permisküla
Oandu
Uus Kiviõli
Haljala
Ojamaa
Kabala
Tudu
Kohala Uljaste
Rakvere
Põhja-Kiviõli
Sonda
Peipsi
Seli
Pada
Pada
Estonia
Estonia
Slantsõ2
Slantsõ1
Aidu
Narva
Kohtla-Järve
Vana Kohtla
mi.ttu.ee
3D Tarkvara
• FLAC
• MINEX / SURPAC, Vulcan
• Vertical Mapper, Surfer, Discover
• Modflow, Plaxis
• Autocad, Microstation
• jne
13.11.2007 GIS päev 44
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Kivimite püsivus
13.11.2007 GIS päev 45
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Model Generation: Mine Layout – Horizontal map
Results
mi.ttu.ee 47
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 3980 Model Perspective
16:55:40 Sun Jun 25 2006
Center:
X: 7.450e+001
Y: 6.824e+001
Z: 4.914e+001
Rotation:
X: 10.000
Y: 0.000
Z: 0.000
Dist: 4.568e+002 Mag.: 1
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: Horst - Peterstollen
View Title:
Block Group
gips mm1
anhydrit unteres sulfat mm2
mergelkalkstein mo1
mergelstein mo2
Axes
Fixed
Linestyle
X
Y
Z
Model Generation: Stratigraphic Sequence
Results
mi.ttu.ee 48
Model Generation: Transfer into the Model
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 3980 Model Perspective
17:17:29 Sun Jun 25 2006
Center:
X: 7.450e+001
Y: 6.350e+001
Z: 5.050e+001
Rotation:
X: 90.000
Y: 0.000
Z: 0.000
Dist: 3.120e+002 Mag.: 1
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: Horst - Peterstollen
View Title:
Block Group
gips mm1
Axes
Fixed
Linestyle
X
Y
Z
Results
mi.ttu.ee 49
Modellerzeugung: Block Definition
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Settings: Model Perspective
09:35:37 Thu Jun 22 2006
Center:
X: 7.450e+001
Y: 6.350e+001
Z: 5.370e+000
Rotation:
X: 90.000
Y: 0.000
Z: 0.000
Dist: 3.474e+002 Mag.: 1
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: Ralingen
View Title:
Block Group
feste1.7
feste1.8
feste1.9
feste2.1
feste2.2
feste2.3
feste2.9
gips mm1
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
b8
b9
b10
b11
b12
X
Y
Z
Results
mi.ttu.ee 50
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Settings: Model Perspective
14:07:54 Thu Jun 22 2006
Center:
X: 7.450e+001
Y: 6.350e+001
Z: 5.370e+000
Rotation:
X: 90.000
Y: 0.000
Z: 0.000
Dist: 3.474e+002 Mag.: 1
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: Ralingen
View Title:
Block Group
b80
b81
b82
b83
b84
b85
b86
b87
b88
b89
b91
b92
b93
b94
b95
b96
b97
b98
b99
b100
X
Y
Z
Model Generation: Room and pillar => open stoping
Results
mi.ttu.ee 51
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 3980 Model Perspective
17:43:01 Sun Jun 25 2006
Center:
X: 1.179e+002
Y: 7.121e+001
Z: 9.760e+000
Rotation:
X: 2.598
Y: 358.906
Z: 90.550
Dist: 7.658e+002 Mag.: 18
Ang.: 22.500
Block Group
gips mm1
b1
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
a6
feste4.1
feste4.2
feste4.3
feste4.4
feste4.5
feste4.6
feste4.7
feste4.8
feste4.9
feste4.10
feste4.11
Y
X
Z
Results
Model Generation: Room and pillar => open stoping
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Model Generation - Animation
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 3980 Model Perspective
11:26:11 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R0
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4264e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -5.3629e-001
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
mi.ttu.ee 53
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 4350 Model Perspective
11:26:22 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R1
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4259e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -3.3848e-002
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
Model Generation - Animation
mi.ttu.ee 54
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 4799 Model Perspective
11:26:40 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R2
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4228e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -5.3657e-001
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
Model Generation - Animation
mi.ttu.ee 55
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 5150 Model Perspective
11:26:49 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R3
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4203e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -2.2474e-001
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
Model Generation - Animation
mi.ttu.ee 56
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 5581 Model Perspective
11:26:57 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R4
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4184e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -5.3751e-001
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
Model Generation - Animation
mi.ttu.ee 57
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 5908 Model Perspective
11:27:05 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R5
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4174e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -2.2811e-001
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
Model Generation - Animation
mi.ttu.ee 58
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 6338 Model Perspective
11:27:13 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R6
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4167e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -5.4064e-001
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
Model Generation - Animation
mi.ttu.ee 59
FLAC3D 3.00
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Professur Bergbau/Tiefbau
Step 6641 Model Perspective
11:27:25 Wed Jul 05 2006
Center:
X: 8.747e+001
Y: 5.562e+001
Z: 2.901e+001
Rotation:
X: 24.310
Y: 0.000
Z: 64.660
Dist: 2.697e+002 Mag.: 4.29
Ang.: 22.500
Job Title: R7
View Title:
Contour of SMin
Magfac = 1.000e+000
Gradient Calculation
-1.4164e+001 to -1.4000e+001
-1.4000e+001 to -1.3000e+001
-1.3000e+001 to -1.2000e+001
-1.2000e+001 to -1.1000e+001
-1.1000e+001 to -1.0000e+001
-1.0000e+001 to -9.0000e+000
-9.0000e+000 to -8.0000e+000
-8.0000e+000 to -7.0000e+000
-7.0000e+000 to -6.0000e+000
-6.0000e+000 to -5.0000e+000
-5.0000e+000 to -4.0000e+000
-4.0000e+000 to -3.0000e+000
-3.0000e+000 to -2.0000e+000
-2.0000e+000 to -1.0000e+000
-1.0000e+000 to -2.2819e-001
Interval = 1.0e+000
Axes
X
Y
Z
Results
Model Generation - Animation
mi.ttu.ee
Põleng, vajumine
13.11.2007 GIS päev 60
mi.ttu.ee
mi.ttu.ee
SPONTANEUS COMBUSTION
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MINING SUBSIDENCE CH4
Tree
Tree
House Building 2
Factory
Tree Tree
REHABILITATION OF
MINE WASTE DUMP
CH4
ROCK BURST
Prof. JAN PALARSKI
mi.ttu.ee
METHANE DRAINAGE UND UTILIZATION
Prof. JAN PALARSKI
mi.ttu.ee
Sandstone
Shale
Void
Mixture
Pipeline
FILLING OF WEBER VOID
mi.ttu.ee
Abb. 2.22-2
Finite Element – Method (simulation possibility)
Pic.16; 2007-11-10
mi.ttu.ee
Mine Subsidence
Pic.24; 2007 – 11 10
Subsidence
B
B
A
O-Line Subsidence A
0
Standard figures:
Depth
Thickness
Subsidence
850 m
200 cm
in cm
Pic. 7; 2007-11-10
Maa-alune saladus?
13.11.2007
